Mengungkap Dinamika Ekosistem Pariwisata Desa: Studi Kasus Kolaborasi dan Ketergantungan Aktor di Lembur Pakuan, Subang

Abstract

This study analyzes the structure and dynamics of the tourism ecosystem in Lembur Pakuan Village, Subang, using a qualitative approach and an exploratory case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and document review, and analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña model. The findings indicate that tourism in Lembur Pakuan has developed organically and is strongly influenced by the presence of a public figure, resulting in an adaptive yet institutionally fragile ecosystem. Interactions among key actors, local residents, village authorities, the tourism awareness group (POKDARWIS), local businesses, and visitors, are largely shaped by informal, trust-based mechanisms, while formal governance structures remain weak due to the absence of clear regulations and coordinated management. Cultural values, environmental awareness, and local wisdom play essential roles in sustaining social cohesion and stabilizing the system amid its dependency on personality-driven dynamics. The study underscores the need to transition from figure-based to institution-based governance to strengthen long-term sustainability. Theoretically, this research advances understanding of village tourism ecosystems as unstable social-ecological systems; practically, it provides insights for designing more inclusive, measurable, and resilient policies for sustainable rural tourism development.